Apples Organisation Learning Essay Example for Free

Apples Organization Learning Essay This paper is the report of the exploration done on Apple as a learning association, the motivation behind the task is to see how you can recognize the association which realizes, what their business is, and delineate their learning cycle. Different targets of the scientists are to see how learning hypotheses are applied in genuine world and to recognize which hypothesis is generally reasonable for Apple’s learning style. 1. Presentation This paper talk about learning associations, the case subject for this paper is Apple PC. The reason for this investigation is to comprehend the genuine case of learning association and to explain the associations which are adaptable and versatile from inflexible associations, this explanation help one to comprehend the points of interest and hindrances of hierarchical learning. Besides while doing this exploration one will figure out how to do organization examination, and make an organization profile which is imperative for each association to have one. Likewise we will take a gander at how Apple is executing hierarchical learning, survey it, and what are different procedures Apple uses to actualize and keep up authoritative learning. Organization profile ; Background Apple, established in 1976 by Steven P. Employments and Steve Wozniak, is the world’s biggest innovation organization as far as market capitalization, starting to lead the pack from its long-lasting adversary Microsoft in 2010. Steven Wozniak and Steven Jobs had been companions in secondary school, they had both been keen on hardware, and both had been seen as outcasts. They stayed in contact after graduation, and both wound up dropping out of school and landing positions working for organizations in Silicon Valley, Woz for Hewlett-Packard, and Jobs for Atari. Wozniak had been fiddling with PC structure for quite a while when, in 1976, he planned what might turn into the Apple I. Occupations, who had an eye for the future, demanded that he and Wozniak attempt to sell the machine, and on April 1, 1976, Apple Computer was conceived. Sculley turned into the accepted head of Apple in May 1985. Throughout the following barely any months, Apple had to lay off a fifth of its work drive, about 1,200 representatives. The organization likewise posted its first quarterly misfortune. This

Future of Human Factors in Aviation (capstone paper) Thesis

Eventual fate of Human Factors in Aviation (capstone paper) - Thesis Example Human components are the significant givers in mishaps related with avionics industry (Helmreich, 2000). Flight Standards (AFS) Human Factors Specialists’ essential exercises include: â€Å"Develop and update FAA guidelines, arrangement, and direction about human elements issues for airplane tasks and strategies, airplane upkeep, pilot preparing, and different capacities; Support extends that include human components appraisals of airplane activities, methods, and upkeep; Develop instruments to help the FAA Flight Standards Service; Sponsor and regulate human elements research to help Flight Standards† (FAA, n. d.). FAA and NASA have spent a gigantic measure of R&D financial plan in understanding these variables. While trying to decide the way for future improvement in the field of human elements and flying industry, an exhaustive examination was completed with the assistance of optional sources that included books, inquire about articles, and authority report. With different innovative advancements the impact of human factor in flight has been alleviated somewhat, be that as it may, there is as yet an opportunity to get better. The need right now is to create mistake open minded frameworks, that screens human variables, yet in addition use robotization to a degree where hardware become task focused just as human focused. Aeronautics industry is one of the most prosperous businesses. The normal yearly development of the business is around five percent. The quantity of individuals using these administrations keeps on expanding also. With such a huge client base, it is hard to keep up principles in execution. In addition, the smallest of mistakes may wind up in causing loss of millions and influencing a few hundred lives simultaneously. Security and proficiency of tasks are the two most crucial segments. These parts depend legitimately on associations and their group individuals. In spite of, the advances in innovation, it

HOW TO Create Blockquote Using HTML Code

HOW TO Create Blockquote Using HTML Code Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Create Blockquote Using HTML CodeUpdated On 13/05/2011Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : DesignShort URL : http://hbb.me/Y7pczU CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogI hope you are familiar with block quotes. They are nothing but some sections of texts used for highlighting quotes from other sources. They are mostly indented from the blog post and they have different background color or text size and color.BlockquotesWhy Should I Use Blockquote In My Blog Articles?If you are quoting about some matter from another blog, then it should be different. Your readers should feel the different.Quotations can be easily recognized from the main section of your posts.They can enrich and complement your theme.Your readers will get to know that those are special lines.How To Design My Own Block quotes?Most of the wordpress themes have cool block quotes, but for some it just indents t he quote and changes the font size and color.In this tutorial we are going to create blockquote using HTML code alone, without messing the stylesheet.Actually this tutorial is quite simple and of course, the blockquotes are also simple but effective, because Simplicity is Essential.1. Changing the Background color with some text formattingCoding For Yellow :p style=padding: 5px; background-color: #FFFF99; border: dotted 2px #FF9900; Text Here/pI love and believe in this quote ‘Impossible is Nothing’. Every new idea is a joke until one man achieves it. Concentrate and work hard for reaching your goal. Always be constant and make your mind repeat this phrase ‘Don’t give up’. Happy Blogging.READGuest Blogging: So Why Should You Care?Coding For Blue :p style=padding: 5px; background-color: #E1E8F2; border: dotted 2px #00518A;Text Here/pI love and believe in this quote ‘Impossible is Nothing’. Every new idea is a joke until one man achieves it. Concentrate and work hard for reaching your goal. Always be constant and make your mind repeat this phrase ‘Don’t give up’. Happy Blogging.2. Without Changing The Background Color With Text FormattingThis is a cool alternative for above mentioned block quote. This creates indent from the main blog post. This one uses no image but satisfies the look of an image.I love and believe in this quote ‘Impossible is Nothing’. Every new idea is a joke until one man achieves it. Concentrate and work hard for reaching your goal. Always be constant and make your mind repeat this phrase ‘Don’t give up’. Happy Blogging.Coding :b style=float: left; font-weight: normal; font: 14px/22px arial; margin-top 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 50px; padding-left: 15px; border-left: 3px solid #666666;Text Here/b Note : This Tutorial is compatible with Blogger and WordPress blogs. If you are familiar with HTML you can use your own codings to edit and customize.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized Essay - 1520 Words

Isaiah Pitts Eng Mcguire 12/7/16 Should Marijuana Be Legalized In Texas? Should marijuana be legalized in Texas? This a question people have debated for years now. Today, there are 29 states that have some form of weed legalization. Even people who opposed cannabis legalization before are now realizing that marijuana could benefit us in many different ways. But there are still some who say that it would lead to other drugs, raise crime in communities, and harm young children. Although this has been the case for many years, it’s time to change how we think and live in today s society. Marijuana should be legalized because of all the pros it would bring to Texas such as medicinal, social, recreational uses. First, weed or cannabis, is a green plant that naturally grows out of the earth. When being first discovered by natives, people used the plant for it’s hemp properties. Hemp was a better alternative than other plants because of it’s many uses. Such as, hemp seed foods, oil, wax, resin, rope, cloth, pulp, paper, and even fuel. ( David E. Newton, â€Å"Marijuana: a reference handbook.†) These are just some of the many different ways marijuana is used. It was then that people discovered its recreational uses and began abusing the substance. This was back when segregation still existed and gave white people a reason to ban marijuana because it allegedly made people of color more violent and solicit sex from white women. This is when America introduced the Marijuana taxShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medic inal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Assignment 3 Bus 330 Essay - 1738 Words

GSA Wants You Strayer University Bus 330 – Contract Administration and Management Professor Antoinette Bridges May 30, 2014 Abstract GSA is focused on giving the merchant group the vital preparations and tools required for them to seek work with the Federal Government. In doing this mission, GSAs Office of Small Business Utilization has devoted its assets to teaching the small business entrepreneur with continued support in training. Stanberry, S. A. (2013). GSA Wants You Describe the electronic submission process and the security measures present in this approach. Analyze the advantages over classic paper solicitations. According to Stanberry (2013), the electronic Subcontracting Reporting System (eSRS) is a†¦show more content†¦In chess you know the pieces but you can’t see into the other person’s mind. In negotiation you don’t necessarily know the ‘pieces’. You have to discover and develop your own pieces and find ways of uncovering your counterparts’.† The Essentials of Job Negotiations, (2011) Once both sides have established a clear agenda and talking points now the can start the negotiation process. Each side will begin their arguments or persuasion points with each side taking turns listening before objecting the opposing side’s talking points. A good negotiator of any contract will or should poses one major important factor and that is confidence. Confidence is key to having a good chance of winning what you want in a negotiation. According to Oliver, D, How to Negotiate Effectively, (2011), Confidence is a key. â€Å"If you lose your own confidence, the counterpart will intuitively pick that up, and you will end the negotiation in a much weaker position than you need to. Tactics therefore need to be clear before you go into the negotiation. If your counterpart perceives a loss of confidence, you won’t regain the high ground. Authority comes from confidence. Our sources of confidence come from the preparation phase: thinking through all the advantages we have to offer, thinking through all the gaps in the weaknesses of the other party. We strengthen our mind and strengthen our position. To aid us in this process we need to assess and buildShow MoreRelatedHrm 531 Week 2 Individual Assignment Essays1014 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 2 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hrm-531-week-2-individual-assignment/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HRM 531 WEEK 2 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT The Employment Law Compliance Plan task in the form of a memo, as described in the message from Traci on the Atwood and Allen Consulting Page. Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of HRM 531 Week 2 Individual Assignment in order to aceRead MorePsy 100 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Adjustment Case Study – New Updated Work1210 Words   |  5 PagesPSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 – ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY – NEW UPDATED WORK To purchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/psy-100-week-8-assignment-2-adjustment-case-study-new-updated-work/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM PSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY - NEW UPDATED WORK Write a three to six (3-6) page paper in which you: 1. Summarize the two (2) articles you selected from the NPR Website. 2. Describe the major adjustment issues discussed inRead MoreHrm 517 Week 6 Assignment 1 Planning Document896 Words   |  4 PagesHRM 517 WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENT 1 PLANNING DOCUMENT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hrm-517-week-6-assignment-1-planning-document/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HRM 517 WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENT 1 PLANNING DOCUMENT HRM 517 Week 6 Assignment 1 - Planning Document You have recently been appointed head of human resources and are now in charge of managing a small team. Your next project is to revamp the compensation and benefits package employees are receivingRead MoreHum 112 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Project Paper1717 Words   |  7 PagesHUM 112 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 – PROJECT PAPER To purchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hum-112-week-8-assignment-2-project-paper/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HUM 112 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - PROJECT PAPER The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities toRead MoreBus 475 Assignment 2 Challenges in the Global Business Environment874 Words   |  4 PagesBUS 475 Assignment 2 Challenges in the Global Business Environment To Buy this Class Copy paste below link in your Brower http://homeworkregency.com/downloads/bus-475-assignment-2-challenges-in-the-global-business-environment/ Or Visit Our Website Visit : http://www.homeworkregency.com Email Us : homeworkregency@gmail.com BUS 475 Assignment 2 Challenges in the Global Business Environment Assignment 2: Challenges in the Global Business Environment Due Week 9 and worth 330 points Read MoreApplication Of Your Identity Fall Into The Bioecological Perspective, Approach Towards Development1377 Words   |  6 Pagesof physical development in the mesosystem would be; menstruation, and change in body height and shape. First, we encounter a women’s menstrual cycle, called menstruation. When I had my first period I was 14, we had a game that day and we were on the bus heading to the opponent’s school in our cheer uniform, not having a mom I had to call my dad and to say the very least I was nervous, but it’s a part of life during this time. Apparently, he called one of his friends and asked her some questions, andRead MoreSyllabus1864 Words   |  8 PagesOffice Hours - BUS 344 TUES/THURS: 10am – Noon Office Hours - BUS 344 TUES/THURS: 10am – Noon Denise Kleinrichert, Ph.D. San Francisco State University email: dk@sfsu.edu Seminar – Business amp; Society (BUS 682) Fall 2013 – Tuesdays Course Objectives: This course emphasizes the theories and practices of the ethical, social, environmental, political, and legal aspects of business decision-making and leadershipRead MoreManagerial Economics Essay5579 Words   |  23 PagesINTERNAL RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Name of the candidate: ASIF EKBAL Enrolment no. : 08715903912 Course: MBA 1ST Yr. Batch: 2012 Subject: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Subject code: MS105 Topic of assignment: UNIT 1 Subject Teacher’s name: MS MAMTA RANI Research Assignment Q.1) â€Å"Inferior goods are not those goods in case of which the law of demand fails, inferior goods are those goodsRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesï » ¿Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, 3E by Janet Lane and Ellen Lange Table of Contents: Answer Key SECTION 1 UNIT 1 Verb Tenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 UNIT 2 Verb Forms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....7 UNIT 3 Modals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 UNIT 4 Conditional Sentences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 UNIT 5 Passive Voice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....16 UNIT 6 Relative, Adverbial, and Noun Clauses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 UNIT 7 Sentence Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.24 UNIT 8 Word Order†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 UNIT 9 Connecting Words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreApplication of Motherboard Information12549 Words   |  51 Pageschapters in this Product Guide are arranged as follows: †¢ 1 Desktop Board Features: a summary of product features. †¢ 2 Installing and Replacing Desktop Board Components: instructions on how to install the desktop board and other hardware components. †¢ 3 Updating the BIOS: instructions on how to update the BIOS. †¢ 4 Using the BIOS Setup Program: contents of the BIOS Setup menus and submenus. †¢ 5 Technical Reference: information about connectors and desktop board resources. †¢ A Error Messages and Indicators:

Effect Of Raising Minimum Wage - 1215 Words

Effects of Raising Minimum Wage The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our country is being put into effect as we speak. This movement is for all fast food chains and small businesses to raise the prices of minimum wage. Sixteen states have already agreed to raise the prices of minimum wage in 2016. These states include: Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, and West Virginia. An article on the states raising minimum wage from CNBC says, â€Å"These wage increases range from 5 cents an hour in South Dakota to a dollar in California, Massachusetts and Nebraska.† However, it will not stop here. These groups that are pushing for raises in minimum wage are asking for fifteen dollars an hour. These campaigners call their movement the â€Å"fight for 15.† As Christine Owens, executive director of the National Employment Law Project said, We ve seen incredible momentum this past year in the fight to raise wages to a level that will make a meaningfulShow MoreRelatedEffect Of Raising Minimum Wage1215 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our country is beingRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising The Minimum Wage1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Impacts of Raising the Minimum Wage While the debate over the effects of raising the minimum wage continues, there are countless studies and statistical data to support both sides of this controversy. Often the negative impacts of these wage increases are overshadowed by those who want to help the working class who live at or below the poverty level. Do these increases actually help the ones that they were intended to help? What are the negative impacts on the rest of the working classRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising The Minimum Wage1944 Words   |  8 Pages At one point or another, minimum wage is a term that most American people will familiarize themselves with. The topic of minimum wage can sometimes be a particularly controversial one, so it is important that we understand the true effects that this has on our nation’s economy. Before the fall of our economy and the increase in prices of everyday necessities, such as monthly bills, groceries and gasoline, a family could have found it easier to survive off o f this wage; however, as the prices continueRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Effects of Raising Minimum Wage805 Words   |  4 Pagessensitive topic for many Americans is their income. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in government as to what the minimum wage should be. Stuck at $7.25, Obama has suggested raising the minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negative. Minimum wage has the ability to change lives, and change the economy. Small businesses and unemploymentRead More The Negative Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesIf we took away the minimum wage, we could wipe out unemployment completely because we would be able to offer jobs at every possible skill level. -- Michele Bachmann Proponents of raising the minimum wage claim that if the minimum wage was raised, then many economic and social problems would be alleviated. This contention is at odds both with economic principles and years of creditable research. The effect of raising or even having a minimum wage has been studied extensively and theRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage On The United States2322 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effects of Raising Minimum Wage My topic of interest is the effects of raising minimum wage in the U.S. Minimum wage is defined as the lowest wage permitted by law or by special agreement. In 1938, President Roosevelt signed a bill called the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set the minimum wage at $0.25. Although, overtime inflation devalued the amount of the dollar so it was raised there on. After raising the minimum wage the cost of living would keep going up every year. Also, currentlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage On The United States969 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage Raising minimum wage has in the recent years become a very controversial and personal issue, and although it is slowly becoming a more popular idea, some people still resist the movement. What people who oppose the adjustment of minimum wage are not considering, is that by raising minimum wage, it will allow low income families or otherwise low income individuals to earn more, in turn, allowing them to spend more money on goods and services. It will also help theRead MoreThe Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage on US Economy1507 Words   |  6 Pagesyear, the minimum wage has been increasing from less than a dollar to $7.25 now. The question that comes to everybody is that should we increase the minimum wage by too far. Does the minimum wage increase reduce the unemployment since now the current wage is high enough? Some people might think that we should increase the minimum wage in order to increase the labor supply. However, if we think deeply than this, there are more disadvantag es than advantages of increasing the minimum wage. The fartherRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage: A Counter-Intuitive Solution Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe that raising the minimum wage will resolve poverty issues and lack of pay with the signing of legislation, the raising of the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (as advocated by President Obama and the Democrats) would cause the poverty issue to be worse than it already is; inflation would occur, employees would be laid off, and minimum wage employees would lose welfare benefits, thus offsetting the wage increase. The Government should consider the effects on the American economy asRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most controversial issues on our country, which is United States has been facing last ten years. There have been never ending debates over this issue until the government, company, and others party stand together, and raise the minimum wage throughout the nations. There are communities that believe raise the minimum wage has negative impact of every sector of the country. Other communities have different beliefs over the issue, raising the minimum wage helps the poor

Organizational Responsiveness and Innovation Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Responsiveness and Innovation Strategy. Answer: Introduction: In todays more competitive business era, the marketing decision makers of the business firms must monitor all the business activities of their competitors in a continuous manner. Moreover, the decision makes must evaluate marketing mix (MM) components such as: product, price, place, and promotion of the competitors in order to accomplish competitive advantages in an effective way. The marketing decision makers must examine the products of the competitors before launching a new product in the marketplace (Verhoef and Leeflang, 2009). Moreover, they should also consider the price of the competitors before deciding the price of the product. The marketing decision make must choose the location that will be easily accessible by the customers. In addition to this, they must adopt and implement effective promotional strategies to promote their products and to improve the productivity as well as profitability of the firms in an appropriate way. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, in todays rapidly changing business scenario, business firms are also changing their MM components to improve the market share, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and profitability of businesses in a more comprehensive manner. Marketing decision makers must evaluate quality and features of the products in order to recognize the strong or weak points of the products (Wei and Wang, 2011). Moreover, with the help of this, they would be able to reduce weak points of the products in a proper way. The MM components also play a significant role in order to improve the profitability and to reduce the different types of costs linked to the marketing of products. Along with this, the decision makers of a firm must evaluate the prices of competitors products constantly and also change the price of products accordingly to attract new customers and to retain existing customers in an effective way (Zhou, Brown, Dev and Agarwal, 2007). This strategy would also be helpful to improve the profitability as well as market share of the firm. It is because of by evaluating competitors price; the firm would be able to provide high quality products to its customers at a lower cost. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, the sale of some firms such as: Car manufacturing firms fluctuates as per the economic changes of the nation. So, in this situation, the marketing decision makers of a car manufacturing firm change its MM components according to the changes in the economy and changes in the competitors prices to maintain the demand of products effectively. Apart from this, during the recession, the demand of luxury products like cars decline rapidly that also reduces the profits of the firms (Ehmke, Fulton and Lusk, 2005). In that case, the business firms reduce prices of products in order to maintain demand and also improve the market share of the firm in a significant way. Along with this, the pricing strategies of the business firms are based on different elements such as: interest rates, schemes, offers, etc. Most of the companies adopt low price strategies to accomplish competitive advantages over competitors. Moreover, with the help of low pricing strategies, business firms become able to improve customer value and brand image of the businesses. For case, Wal-Mart offers low price products to its customers, so the competitors of Wal-Mart must consider low pricing strategies to decide the price of their products (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2006). Apart from this, high price of products may dangerous for the success and growth of the business. The marketing decision makers must also consider schemes, discounts, and offers of competitors before changing the price of products. This thing would be helpful to attract customers and to improve profitability of the firms. On the other hand, marketing decision makers of business organizations must monitor promotional as well as marketing activities of the competitors to make out target markets or target customers of competitors. It would be helpful to improve the brand awareness and brand loyalty of the businesses (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2011). In todays advanced technological era, business organizations take help of the Internet to promote their products or services at the global level. Moreover, they also use social media sites (Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, etc.), print media, and broadcasting, and so on to create brand awareness about their products. Consequently, the marketing decision makers must choose the best medium of the promotions in order to create brand awareness among the customers. So, it is assumed that, the marketing decision makers must monitor the modern promotional trends to change their MM components in order to attract new customers and to accomplish growth in the marketplace. Fu rthermore, marketing decision makers must assess the quality and feature of the competitors products to accomplish growth and to improve share in the market (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2006). Also, decision makers must take decision related to location (distribution) on the basis of distribution strategies of their competitors. In addition to this, by monitoring the promotional efforts of the competitors, business firms are changing their advertising and promotional strategies to improve and maintain their brand image or reputation in the marketplace. For case, Coco-Cola and PepsiCo Inc is the major rivals of each other in the beverage sector. In this case, if Coco-Cola focuses and also spends more funds on its promotional activities then PepsiCo Inc. should also focus on its promotional activities. If PepsiCo Inc. does not focus on the promotional efforts or activities then it may lose its market share as well as brand loyalty in the marketplace (Dost, 2006). Along with this, both firms are offering similar types of beverage products, so if they do not consider and monitor marketing mix (MM) activities then it would be hazardous for the health of the organizations. For that reason, it is assumed that, the decision makers of the business firms must monitor marketing activities and marketing mix components o f their competitors to accomplish the desired outcomes and competitive advantages in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. References Czinkota, M. and Ronkainen, I. (2006). International Marketing. USA: Cengage Learning. Dost, C. (2006). International Marketing Strategies: Example: Coca Cola. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Ehmke, C., Fulton, J. and Lusk, J. (2005). Marketing's Four P's: First Steps for New Entrepreneurs. Purdue University, Purdue Extension. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J. F. and McDaniel, C. (2011). Essentials of Marketing. Australia: Cengage Learning. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2006). Business Looseleaf Version. Australia: Cengage Learning. Verhoef, P.C. and Leeflang, P.S.H. (2009). Understanding the Marketing Departments Influence within the Firm. Journal of Marketing 73, pp. 1-42. Wei, Y. and Wang, Q. (2011). Making sense of a market information system for superior performance: The roles of organizational responsiveness and innovation strategy. Industrial Marketing Management 40, pp. 267277. Zhou, K.Z., Brown, J.R., Dev, C.S. and Agarwal, S. (2007). The effects of customer and competitor orientations on performance in global markets: a contingency analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, pp. 303319.

Oedipus the king free essay sample

Aristotelian philosophy teaches that knowing material reality can be achieved by properly Identifying the essential traits of things and distinguishing things from other things by forming classification schemes based on those traits. The theorys great power is that it canproduce useful, independently verifiable categories of analysisitwe all can agree on the epics essential traits, then we can conduct reasonable scholarly discussions about epics. Since Aristotle also was Interested (like his teacher. Plato) in the proper organization of human communities, from the one- amily oikos (whence economy) to the city-state of the polis, he also tried to describe the social functions of literature. This continues to be an important line of study In modern literary theory. One of the methods weakness arises from disagreements about what, If anything, can be called essential from the start (a prion), outside some kind of social, political, historical processes that made it. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus the king or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A second weakness, shared by some practitioners of Structuralism (q. v. ), is Aristotles fondness for defnltion and categorizatino by binary oppositions: states which are supposed to be mutually exclusive (i. . , live or dead, on or off, in that you cant be both, but must be one or the other). Many of the oppositions by which he constructed his literary analysis are suspect or simply wrong, at least in our own era (e. g. , comedy or tragedy has become confused with tragi-comedy and satire). Post- Aristotelian thinking tends to avoid relying upon unexamined binary oppositions and to look backwards, in order to situate literatures traits in the processes which created them, but otherwise we owe a great methodological debt to The Philosopher, as he was known to medieval readers. Some Aristotelian principles† ) Genre and generic attributes Aristotle sought to anchor his definitions of literary genres in exemplary works and authors. Of tragedians, he considered Sophocles the best, and his Oedipus Tyrannus (Oedipus the King) the finest example. Thats immediately debatable because great works by two other major tragedians survived (Aeschylus and Euripides). In the case of epics, his task was easier because only one authors work were widely known to him, those of Homer. According to Aristotle, the lost Homeric mock battle narrative, Margites, is to comic drama as the Iliad and the Odyssey are to ragedy. Note that this suggests genres originate in pairs, each balancing qualities the other excels In with qualities it lacks and its partner has In abundance. When distinguishing between epic and tragedy, he said epic has a multiplicity of plots, each of which Is fully developed in the epics larger scope, but the tragedy is a compressed development of a single plot. Aristotle says epics have a major advantage over tragedy because of their multiplicity of Incident, the capacity to enlarge its action to incorporate several series of events which may have happened imultaneously [representing them in narrative series by means of flashbacks, etc. ]. For Aristotle, all literature is an art of imitation (Gk. mimesis, whence mime). As artists imitated life to produce their literature, audiences would be inspired to imitate, in some fashion, what they read, heard or saw on the stage. The social function of epic as an exemplar of good behavior was easier for Aristotle to assume in Classical Greece. Recently, the hero-aesthetic has been dethroned as a necessary and great model of human aspiration, at least as it motivates citizens to become warriors. Comedy produced an immediate problem for Aristotle, however, since comedies tend to be about bad behavior and people doing ugly, immoral, or ridiculous things. He accepted that the primary object of comedy as imitation: imitation of low charactersnot morally bad, but ludicrous, ugly but not painful or destructive. He defended comedies mimetic representation of ludicrous behavior because it would incite audiences to avoid its imitation. 3) Proper proportion A tragedy imitates action that is serious, complete, and of an appropriate magnitude (neither trivial nor too vast). 4) Literatures function The tragedy evokes two kinds of emotions, pity and fear, in order to cleanse the mind of dangerous but natural human tendencies, especially overgrown pride in our accomplishments. This emotional purging (katharsis), when shared by the whole population, restored the city to health. 5) Character construction Tragic characters all have two qualities by which we Judge them: thought and character. In order of importance, proper characters should have the following qualities: goodness in a moral sense, appropriateness to social mores, truth to life (probability in small details), and consistency (i. . , not disturbingly divided in nature). 6) Sub-components of dramatic theater Tragedies have these six parts: plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle (today, special effects), and song. ) Literature and human nature According to Aristotle, our qualities are determined by our characters, those basic combinations of traits we were born with or develop as we grow, but we are made happy or wretched by our actions. Therefore, the great literature concentrates on showing us those actions at crucial moments and the first principle of any drama is its plot (i. e. , the act ion). A perfect tragedy should imitate complex actions (see #12) that excite pity and fear (#4) while leading a man who is extraordinarily good and Just to misfortune by some error of Judgment or frailty of character. That frailty of character is the famous tragic flaw or hamartia, actually something closer toa tragic imbalance qualities in the construction of a tragedys plot are: it has a beginning, middle, and end (i. e. , is complete); and it is of appropriate size to be easily embraced in one view or easily embraced by the memory [long enough to move a character from alamity to good fortune, or from good fortune to calamity. For this reason, Aristotle says good plays resemble living organisms. (This idea has a rebirth in Romanticisms organic form theory. An episodic plot is: one that moves from incident to incident without necessary or probable cause. You can still find modern literary reviews that condemn a works plot as episodic, though since Modernism, fiction has tended to test that boundary and many of the rest Aristotle tried to establish. 9) Unity of action In addition to unity of form and time, Aristotle also said a plot should be unified. However, definitions of this tend to be circu lar: the plot centers around an action that is unified. 10) Poetry vs. istorythe truth problem The ancients and medieval theorists were troubled that poetic works of all kinds (narrative fiction, drama, lyrics) are technically lies. isnt lying a bad thing, something to be punished. Aristotle saw the poet and historian as his opposing binary opposites to solve this problem. The poets Job differs from the historians in that: the historian must relate what happened, but the poet may relate what may (or may have) happened. (Also see Sidney, Defense of Poesy. ) 11) Simple vs. complex plots While Aristotle tended to favor literary traits that unified, he was not against complexity, itself. For him, a complex plot is distinguished from a simple one because it has one or both of these special features which produce important effects in the audience: reversal of expectations (peripeteia) and/or recognition (usually of someones identity, often of ones own true identity [anagnorisis]). Both of these events occur nearly simultaneously near the end of Oedipus Tyrannus. Aristotelian analysis divides the plays action into two parts complication and nraveling, the latter of which might begin with the reversal of expectations and end with the self-discovery or recognition scene. 2) Literature and the agon Like most Classical Greeks, Aristotle saw most of the universe as a pattern of struggle, or agon, in which opposed forces battled for supremacy. Tragedy and epic, alike, according to Aristotle, might develop a kind of collision between opposing character types in which one must subdue the other. He said tragedy should have a double thread, which can be identified by: its concern for two groups of actors hose ends are opposite because of their opposite natures (e. g. , in epic, Odysseus triumphant return vs. the suitors destruction; in tragedy, Antigones unwavering insistence on the old burial customs vs. Creons equally stubborn demand that she 13) Spectacle / Special Effects vs. Tragic or Comic effects Aristotle distinguished clearly between works which operated upon the audiences minds by manipulating the emotions via thoughtful processes from those which sought their impact by shocking the audience with scenes which were taboo in ordinary social life (e. g. , murders, open sexuality, violent accidents). The movies, Halloween and Nightmare on Elm Street, and all their many imitators, are examples of tragedies that use spectacle to move the audiences emotions.

Nord-Pas-de-Calais essays

Nord-Pas-de-Calais essays Nord-Pas-de-Calais is situated on the northern border of Belgium. It is one of the smallest regions of France (12,412 km2) (Discover France, notecard #1). North-Pas-de-Calais is split into two departments. Its a region of contrasting landscapes: forests and woods ; gentle meadows and marshlands ; rolling hills; a varied coastline that stretches for miles and miles ;and wide-open spaces of unspoilt countryside. Nord-Pas-de-Calais is split into two departments: Pas de Calais and Nord. This province has the densest population after Ile de France, the most populated French province. Population of Nord-Pas-de-Calais is almost 4,000,000 people, and the density of population is 322 people per km2 (Discover France, notecard #1). Tere are a lot of great restaurants in Nord-Pas-de Calais. They offer either a taste of regional specialities or the sort of good food and drink you could find almost anywhere in France. There are a number of dishes to look out for including: Tarte Gros bords (open-top sweet custard tart), Andouillettes( small sausages made from chitterlings [offal] and served with chips or mashed potato). Try also Anguilles au vert (eels cooked with spinach and sorrel leaves in white wine; garnished with herbs and served hot or cold on fried bread), and Flamiche (Either a sweet or a savoury tart). Nord-Pas-De-Calais shares its border with Belgium and so there is a strong Flemish influence. For example, many people drink beer instead of wine and prefer to speak not French but Flemish. If you go to this province, you will probably want to go to the Cte d'Opale (Coast of Opals), which stretches as far south as Boulogne in Pas-de-Calais. This coast is at the narrowest stretch of La Manche (the English Channel). . You can find sandy beaches at Sangatte and Wissant and, if you are ready to dig deeper into the countryside, you'll discover r...

Why societies collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why societies collapse - Essay Example They have happened thousands of years ago and will continue to happen as new empires and societies rise and fall. There are different and numerous reasons for the demise and the fall of societies and for most of these societies and civilizations, the causes are the same and similar. The usual aspects that cause the collapse and the decline of a certain civilization or empire are economic, environmental, political, social and cultural factors. Some causes take effect immediately and others are gradual. Some reasons and factors for the collapse of a society are certain and others, a mystery. Throughout world history, there are several notable and famous empires and kingdoms that have collapsed after several years of their rise and development politically, economically and socially. The Han Dynasty in China was one of the most influential and the most powerful empires in ancient China. Today, the majority of an ethnic group of people in China are called â€Å"the people of the Han.â₠¬  Even though they were greatly powerful and was an immense empire, they collapsed after four hundred years of reign and rule. There were several reasons why this great and grand empire and dynasty declined and eventually collapsed and fell. One of the main reasons for their ruin was the wars and the invasion and attacks by different groups that resulted in the weakening of the empire’s economy. ... ty, in an attempt to make reforms that would effectively reinstate and bring back the success, prosperity and the glory of the empire, made far-reaching modifications and alterations. However, natural disasters struck and resulted in a scarcity of food supply. Rebellions by peasants sprung up and Wang Mang died soon after. Although the Han dynasty was able to recover from the great downfall of the economy, it never regained back its great success and affluence and in 220 AD, formerly collapsed and came to an end. After hundreds of years on the other side of the world, the Roman Empire also experienced its rise and fall. Just like the Han Dynasty, it was one of the greatest empires in history and similarly, there were also a number of different grounds and causes of its fall. One of the said key reasons was the split of the Roman Empire between the West and the East (also known as the Byzantium Empire.) There were also several civil wars that occurred. Some emperors such as Commodus g ave in to immorality and practiced violence, which caused his assassination and this resulted in the beginning of the collapse of the empire. The Roman people ultimately lost their power as barbarian ns in the North frequently invaded and attacked. The Roman army started to become disloyal to the empire. The infrastructures such as bridges and pathways were not maintained, causing trade and communication to stop. Christians were heavily persecuted and people gathered in crowds and cheered on as people died violent deaths. The falling economy caused food supply to run out. With all these troubles and problems, the Roman Empire in time collapsed and fell. The causes and reasons for the fall of both the Han Dynasty in the East and the Roman Empire in Europe ere certain. However, it is not

Who wants to be a Millionaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Who wants to be a Millionaire - Essay Example It is better to have something than have nothing at all. There is a high possibility that an average person might never have a chance, for instance, to win millions of shillings. To think that the same individual will throw away such a golden chance on uncertain possibility is wishful thinking. No rational human being would take such a risk; but then is life not full of surprises, after all no person knows what is in store for the future. There is a probable possibility that the average individual could also hit the jackpot, and go home very rich if he or she took a little time to take a risk. They say the best things come to those who take risks, and why not take that risk; it might be the real deal breaker after all (Dwijen 22). Other factors may influence an individual’s decision making when it comes to making choices in a lottery game. These are the social-economic factors and demographic factors. Social-economic factors are the economic and social experiences and realities that assist in molding ones attitudes, personality and lifestyle. Examples include education, level of wealth, social awareness and profession (John 34). Demographic factors include the age of an individual, marital status and sex. A person’s level of wealth may influence an individual to take a risk or play safe. If a person is rich, he or she will probably take the risk because he or she will have no setbacks if he or she loses, since he or she has lots of other wealth. On the other hand, individuals with fewer riches will go for the safe deal because that money may be all they possess. An educative individual will go for safe lottery, since it is more rational to do so. Male individuals will take risks while female ind ividuals will play safe; this is because men are risk takers and women not much risk takers. Lastly, the premium attached to guessing is sometime worthy and

Have Discount Retailers gone upmarket in the UK?

Have Discount Retailers gone upmarket in the UK? Preliminary Information Working Title of Dissertation: Have Discount Retailers gone upmarket in the UK? If so, how and why? Research Question and aim: To investigate location of Aldi and Lidl stores in relation to income/social class of catchment area(compare 1991, 2001 and 2011 census data) to understand store strategy. Why would more affluent household shop at hard discounters? Understand hard discounters non-locational strategy. Introduction The review aims to look at theoretical explanations of retailers change such as the Wheel of Retailing and the Conflict Theory. It then focuses on research studies which try to understand consumers store choice decision and factors influencing it. Finally, it will briefly look at methods which are used to understand retailers store decisions. All the sources are either books or peer-reviewed journal articles. Understanding the current literature available is important as it would help support my research findings and improve my research methods based on other academics research. The most widely used model in explaining retail growth is the Wheel of Retailing created by McNair in 1958. The details of his work are mostly described in Hollander (1960) work. The model describes most retailer start as a low margin or focuses on low prices such as the discount grocery retailers. Investment in facilities and services increases, therefore, leads to increasing cost and price with its emphasis on service which allows a higher profit margin. This leaves a gap for lower margin retailers to enter the market which will make traditional retailers vulnerable to competition.ÂÂ   Hollander also identified the factors causing the changes which are Management Deterioration, price competition and excess capacity in factories. The Retail life cycle is a similar theory propose by Davidson et al (1976) cited in Levy et al (2005). It describes 4 stages of a retailer: Introduction, Growth, Maturity and decline. The focus is the profit level and the market share whereas the Wheel of Retailing focuses on the price-quality continuum. Sparks (1990) case study on Kwik Save provides an excellent case study on how it has progressed through the cycle with the name discount removed from their store in 1986 suggesting a move to the maturing stage. These cyclical theories are simple to understand and supportive examples can be found, however, Roth and Klein (1993) found that it is very difficult to test it with limited expense data and Brown (1991) criticise that it only considers price and quality and ignores other factors such as assortments and store size. Also, it assumes that there is only one path to retail growth, therefore alternative theories such as the Big Middle (Levy et al, 2005) was developed. It considers another path of development through innovation targeting at a higher income market which then moves into the Big Middle to benefit from economies of scale and where there is the highest demand focusing on services. There are also non- cyclical theories. The conflict theory suggests competition is the main reason for changes in retailing. Stores can be classified as thesis which has higher margins and antithesis which have a lower margin (such as discounters). Over time, a merger could occur which will lead to synthesis to reduce competition or increased price competition through introduction of value private labels (Burt and Sparks, 1994). Changes in the environment also encourage retail changes. Levy et al (2005) mentioned Dresseman s(1968) work which uses Darwins natural selection theory as an analogy for retail changes where only the fittest store will survive. Roth and Klein (1993) also identifies environmental factors such as demographics, regulation and demand encourage retailers to adapt otherwise they would be outcompeted. Overall, the theories suggest that retailer change due to a changing environment and try to avoid competition, especially price which is the focus of retailers who just joined the market. Consumers store choice Understanding consumers shopping behaviour is important as it allows retailers to strategically plan their store location, format and the assortments. Therefore, this is an area which is widely researched. Fox and Sethuraman (2010) and Leszczyc et al (2004) provides a summary of consumers store choice and segmentation. There are three types of consumers: price, service seekers and cheery-pickers. Price seekers are usually from lower income households who are more price conscious (Katsaras et al., 2001) and would travel to an everyday low pricing (EDLP) stores which are usually cheaper, larger stores to do their main shopping. This includes the deep-discounters. For service seekers who usually are single household who have a higher income and time-deprived due to work commitments, they therefore value convenience store more which provides better services such as Tesco Express Shops. They are known as High/Low Price Store (Hilo) who offers discount by promotion. When doing a Multi-Purp ose Trips, both groups will visit stores near shopping centres and would visit both types of stores. The final type of shopper is the cherry-pickers who go to different stores to look for the best deals, hence they would visit both types of stores and have a lot of time to do shopping but also has the lowest loyalty to a brand or store. Apart from price and convenience, assortment is another factor affecting store choice. Briesch et al (2009) found that it is the 3rd most important factor and it is measured in Store Keeping Units (SKU). Generally, store size is used as a proxy for assortments hence EDLP stores usually has higher SKUs and are more attractive to customers who want choice. However, Broniarczyk et al (1998) study found that retailers could make significant reduction in SKUs and customers perception will remain the same. Briesch et al (2009) also concluded that only the number of brands and availability of favourite brands would affect store choice suggesting assortment could be less important than brands in consumers store choice decision. Brands can be separated into private labels and National brand. The UK is a unique market that the private labels are stronger than in continental Europe. For example, Tesco own private label has three grades: Value, Finest, Normal (Krafft and Mantrala, 2010) which is different from other countries where private labels are seen as low cost and quality(Burt, 2000) hence able to directly compete with National Brand. In the same paper, he mentioned previous studies in the USA by Myers, 1967 found that there is no socio-economic difference in choosing National or private brands but Liversey and Lennin (1978) found that more affluent and young people are more likely to take risks to buy new national brands than lower income people. Hence there is no clear consensus whether private and national brands are targeting different groups. During economic recession, people become more price orientated hence Hard-Discounters would be popular during the period as their price are 15-40% cheaper than traditional retailer (Lamey, 2014). According to Colla (1994) study, he found that 1/3 of people in the sample thinks that the quality in discounters is high due to the basic display hence shop from them. This means traditional retailer are not only competing with hard discounter on price but also on its quality which means after recession, these customers are very likely to be retained. Also, this shows different customer has different view on factors such as quality, therefore different literature provides a different view and there is no consensus on the most important factor. It is now becoming common for retailers to use models to help decide where stores should be located. The three methods that will be discussed are Regression, GIS and Spatial Interaction Model. Regression can be used to accurately predict how one factor affects another with known values. This allows understanding of the relative importance of each factor. Leszczyc and Timmermans (1997) work used regression to analyse variables such as income with repeated trips, store loyalty etc. using data collected from consumer. GIS can be used to help to understand store location decision by doing simple catchment area analysis. This involves drawing a buffer of a certain travel time or distance on the program to show how far people would travel to a store (Benoit and Clarke, 1997). Neighbourhood data could also be incorporated which will help to identify potential new site and analyse current store strategy of a retailer. However, this paper and Birkin et al (2002) raises issues of using the method. How should the buffer be defined and when the buffers overlap, how can we allocate the number of consumers or revenue to each store? The second problem could be solved by using a spatial interaction model which according to Brown (1993), it considers the Trade-off between distance and attractiveness of alternative of shopping area. Hence revenue can be allocated according to the attractiveness (e.g. Floorspace) and its accessibility relative to another. This will improve the accuracy of the analysis. The literature review showed that a wide range of theories have been constructed to understand changes in retail and through research has been done on consumers behaviour and how they are analysed. However, more research is still needed in understanding customers perception of different store types as results still vary a lot. The review of the methods helped me to consider other methods to analyse the relationship between discount retailers and income and the store choice review would help me with the questionnaire design to understand consumer behaviour for discount retailers. Finally, the theory review would help explain the findings in GIS analysis. References Benoit, D. and Clarke, G.P. 1997. Assessing GIS for retail location planning. Journal of retailing and consumer services. 4(4), pp.239-258. Birkin, M., Clarke, G.P. and Clarke, M. 2002. Retail Geography and intelligent network planning. Chichester: Wiley. Briesch, R.A., Chintagunta, P.K. and Fox, E.J. 2009. How does assortment affect grocery store choice? Journal of Marketing Research. 46(2), pp.176-189. Broniarczyk, S.M., Hoyer, W.D. and McAlister, L. 1998. Consumers perceptions of the assortment offered in a grocery category: The impact of item reduction. Journal of Marketing Research. pp.166-176. Brown, S. 1991. Variations on a marketing enigma: The wheel of retailing theory. Journal of Marketing Management. 7(2), pp.131-155. Brown, S. 1993. Retail location theory: evolution and evaluation. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 3(2), pp.185-229. Burt, S. 2000. The strategic role of retail brands in British grocery retailing. European Journal of Marketing. 34(8), pp.875-890. Burt, S. and Sparks, L. 1994. Structural change in grocery retailing in Great Britain: a discount reorientation? The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 4(2), pp.195-217. Colla, E. 1994. Discount development in france: The introduction of the format and the competitive response. Journal of Marketing Management. 10(7), pp.645-654. Fox, E.J. and Sethuraman, R. 2010. Retail Competition. In: Krafft, M. and Mantrala, M.K. eds. Retailing in the 21st century, current and future trends. [Online].London: Springer, pp.239-255. [Accessed 19 March 2017]. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9783540720034 Hollander, S.C. 1960. The Wheel of Retailing. Journal of Marketing. 25(1), pp.37-42. Katsaras, N., Wolfson, P., Kinsey, J. and Senauer, B. 2001. Data mining: A segmentation analysis of US grocery shoppers. St. Paul, MN: The University of Minnesota, The Retail Food Industry Center, Working Paper. p01. Krafft, M. and Mantrala, M.K. 2010. Retailing in the 21st century: current and future trends. Berlin: Springer Verlag. Lamey, L. 2014. Hard economic times: a dream for discounters. European Journal of Marketing. 48(3/4), pp.641-656. Leszczyc, P.T.P., Sinha, A. and Sahgal, A. 2004. The effect of multi-purpose shopping on pricing and location strategy for grocery stores. Journal of Retailing. 80(2), pp.85-99. Leszczyc, P.T.P. and Timmermans, H. 1997. Store-switching behavior. Marketing Letters. 8(2), pp.193-204. Levy, M., Grewal, D., Peterson, R.A. and Connolly, B. 2005. The concept of the Big Middle. Journal of Retailing. 81(2), pp.83-88. Roth, V.J. and Klein, S. 1993. A theory of retail change. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 3(2), pp.167-183. Sparks, L. 1990. Spatial-Structural Relationships in Retail Corporate Growth: A Case-Study of Kwik Save Group P.L.C. The Service Industries Journal. 10(1), pp.25-84.

Negotiations and Decision-making Essay -- Negotiating

A multitude of data can be found online when searching for material on decision-making. Likewise, the same can be stated regarding the search for information pertaining to negotiations and decision-making. For example, a Google search of the key words â€Å"negotiations/decision-making† garnered over ten million results! Reviewing a tenth of that information would take a great deal of time and energy, so this paper will narrow the scope and focus on four negotiation/decision-making types: zero-sum game, win-win, satisficing solutions and fixed pie. In addition, a brief discussion on how each of the types has been applied will ensue. Prior to this class I had never heard of the zero-sum negotiation type. When researching the ideology, I came across a website created by Robert Korn (Korn, 2010) called Truth Pizza, and I found his take on the subject quite interesting. He explained the zero-sum games negotiations type as one party pursuing an action that satisfies their needs while a comparable party equally misses an opportunity. Korn offered several examples to explain the method in a way that was easy to understand and relatable. To convey a couple of scenarios Korn disclosed, he wrote about the zero-sum game as it relates to insurance companies. Each month people pay premiums to provide protection from what may come. People buy flood insurance to protect from rising water, auto insurance to protect from accidents and theft, life insurance to pay out in an untimely demise, and so forth. Society-at-large pays monthly, semi-annual or annual premiums in hopes that they will never need the services they are paying for. â€Å"For the most part, the money we get back from insurance is considerably less than what we pay in† (Korn, 20... ... negotiation feeling as though their issues were addressed and important to the compromise. This fosters better relations and improved camaraderie for those involved. Works Cited Business Dictionary. (2010). Satisficing. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/satisficing.html Korn, R. (2010, April 25). Zero-sum Games. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from TruthPizza.org: http://www.truthpizza.org/logic/zerosum.htm Menard, R. (2009, November 17). What Does Win-Win Negotiation Mean? Retrieved November 15, 2010, from Ezine Articles: http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Does-Win-Win- Negotiation-Mean?&id=3281520 Spangler, B. (2003, October). Positive-Sum, Zero-Sum, and Negative-Sum Situations. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from Beyond Intractability: http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/sum/

Meaning of Education Essay

Recently, a university professor wrote a letter to the editor of the local newspaper. He commented that people shouldn’t put too much weight on the recently released trends in SRA scores of the state’s high school students. The professor went on to describe some of the unanswered questions about the nature and value of assessment. He mentioned that one of the problems with assessment was the ongoing disagreement on the very purpose of education. A few days later, a scathing response was printed from a community member who questioned whether the University really wanted someone on their staff who didn’t even know the purpose of education. Clearly, this person assumed that his definition of education was shared by all. What is the meaning of education? Webster defines education as the process of educating or teaching (now that’s really useful, isn’t it? ) Educate is further defined as â€Å"to develop the knowledge, skill, or character of†¦ † Thus, from these definitions, we might assume that the purpose of education is to develop the knowledge, skill, or character of students. Unfortunately, this definition offers little unless we further define words such as develop, knowledge, and character. What is meant by knowledge? Is it a body of information that exists â€Å"out there†Ã¢â‚¬â€apart from the human thought processes that developed it? If we look at the standards and benchmarks that have been developed by many states—or at E. D. Hirsch’s list of information needed for Cultural Literacy (1), we might assume this to be the definition of knowledge. However, there is considerable research leading others to believe that knowledge arises in the mind of an individual when that person interacts with an idea or experience. This is hardly a new argument. In ancient Greece, Socrates argued that education was about drawing out what was already within the student. (As many of you know, the word education comes from the Latin e-ducere meaning â€Å"to lead out. â€Å") At the same time, the Sophists, a group of itinerant teachers, promised to give students the necessary knowledge and skills to gain positions with the city-state. There is a dangerous tendency to assume that when people use the same words, they perceive a situation in the same way. This is rarely the case. Once one gets beyond a dictionary definition—a meaning that is often of little practical value—the meaning we assign to a word is a belief, not an absolute fact. Here are a couple of examples. â€Å"The central task of education is to implant a will and facility for learning; it should produce not learned but learning people. The truly human society is a learning society, where grandparents, parents, and children are students together. † ~Eric Hoffer â€Å"No one has yet realized the wealth of sympathy, the kindness and generosity hidden in the soul of a child. The effort of every true education should be to unlock that treasure. † ~Emma Goldman â€Å"The only purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life-by developing his mind and equipping him to deal with reality. The training he needs is theoretical, i. e. , conceptual. He has to be taught to think, to understand, to integrate, to prove. He has to be taught the essentials of the knowledge discovered in the past-and he has to be equipped to acquire further knowledge by his own effort. † ~Ayn Rand â€Å"The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think—rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with the thoughts of other men. † ~Bill Beattie â€Å"The one real object of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions. † ~Bishop Creighton â€Å"The central job of schools is to maximize the capacity of each student. † ~Carol Ann Tomlinson These quotations demonstrate the diversity of beliefs about the purpose of education. How would you complete the statement, â€Å"The purpose of education is†¦ â€Å"? If you ask five of your fellow teachers to complete that sentence, it is likely that you’ll have five different statements. Some will place the focus on knowledge, some on the teacher, and others on the student. Yet people’s beliefs in the purpose of education lie at the heart of their teaching behaviors. Despite what the letter writer might have wished, there is no definition of education that is agreed upon by all, or even most, educators. The meanings they attach to the word are complex beliefs arising from their own values and experiences. To the extent that those beliefs differ, the experience of students in today’s classrooms can never be the same. Worse, many educators have never been asked to state their beliefs—or even to reflect on what they believe. At the very least, teachers owe it to their students to bring their definitions into consciousness and examine them for validity. Purposes and Functions. To make matters more complicated, theorists have made a distinction between the purpose of education and the functions of education. (2) A purpose is the fundamental goal of the process—an end to be achieved. Functions are other outcomes that may occur as a natural result of the process— byproducts or consequences of schooling. For example, some teachers believe that the transmission of knowledge is the primary purpose of education, while the transfer of knowledge from school to the real world is something that happens naturally as a consequence of possessing that knowledge—a function of education. Because a purpose is an expressed goal, more effort is put into attaining it. Functions are assumed to occur without directed effort. For this reason it’s valuable to figure out which outcomes you consider a fundamental purpose of education. Which of the following do you actually include in your planning? Acquisition of information about the past and present: includes traditional disciplines such as literature, history, science, mathematics Formation of healthy social and/or formal relationships among and between students, teachers, others Capacity/ability to evaluate information and to predict future outcomes (decision-making) Capacity/ability to seek out alternative solutions and evaluate them (problem solving) Development of mental and physical skills: motor, thinking, communication, social, aesthetic Knowledge of moral practices and ethical standards acceptable by society/culture Capacity/ability to recognize and evaluate different points of view Respect: giving and receiving recognition as human beings Indoctrination into the culture Capacity/ability to live a fulfilling life Capacity/ability to earn a living: career education Sense of well-being: mental and physical health. Capacity/ability to be a good citizen Capacity/ability to think creatively Cultural appreciation: art, music, humanities Understanding of human relations and motivations Acquisition/clarification of values related to the physical environment Acquisition/clarification of personal values Self-realization/self-reflection: awareness of one’s abilities and goals Self-esteem/self-efficacy As Tom Peters reminds us, â€Å"What gets measured, gets done. † Regardless of the high sounding rhetoric about the development of the total child, it is the content of assessments that largely drives education. How is the capacity/ability to think creatively assessed in today’s schools? To what extent is the typical student recognized and given respect? How often are students given the opportunity to recognize and evaluate different points of view when multiple choice tests require a single ‘correct’ answer? Teachers who hold a more humanistic view of the purpose of education often experience stress because the meaning they assign to education differs greatly from the meaning assigned by society or their institution. It is clear in listening to the language of education that its primary focus is on knowledge and teaching rather than on the learner. Students are expected to conform to schools rather than schools serving the needs of students. Stopping to identify and agree upon a fundamental purpose or purposes of education is rare. One sees nebulous statements in school mission statements, but they are often of the â€Å"Mom, baseball, and apple pie† variety that offer little substance on which to build a school culture. Creating meaningful and lasting change in education is unlikely without revisiting this basic definition. At the very least, educators must be challenged to identify and reexamine their beliefs in the light of present knowledge. It is time for the focus of education to shift from what’s â€Å"out there—the curriculum, assessments, classroom arrangement, books, computers—to the fundamental assumptions about and definitions of education held by educators and policymakers. NASA did not send men to the moon by building on the chassis of a model T. In the same way, education cannot hope to move beyond its present state on the chassis of 18th century education.

How Does Biological Sex Affect Society - 899 Words

In American society, we have assigned certain characteristics, clothing, and behaviors to two, generally accepted genders, male and female. In most families, you are expected to follow the normal behavior of the gender that also aligns with you biological sex. This idea that biological sex should determine your gender expression immediately ignores and excludes people who are born into intersex identities. Furthermore, this ideal disagrees with the idea that people have the choice to define themselves and their gender outside of societal norm. This idea also limits the everyday behaviors of the average person without much coercing. To keep others from deviating from gender norms, people have setup many ways of policing others actions so that they follow along and be a part of their prescribed gender. Speaking from my experience, I believe that there are three big influences that try to keep people in a cis-gendered box. 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